fix(build): 构建并发上限与排队，构建命名空间加 ResourceQuota，SyncAll 逐个容错

cmd/felis/api.go

@@ -465,6 +465,7 @@ func buildConfig(cfg *config.Config) build.Config {
 		UserNamespaces:      cfg.Registry.BuildUserNamespaces,
 		UserNamespacesProbe: new(atomic.Bool),
 		RuntimeClass:        cfg.Registry.BuildRuntimeClass,
+		MaxConcurrent:       cfg.Registry.MaxConcurrentBuilds,
 		// Empty keeps Trivy's own default; an install with builds points this at
 		// the internal DB mirror (see config.RegistryConfig.TrivyDBRepository).
 		TrivyDBRepository:     cfg.Registry.TrivyDBRepository,

deploy/bootstrap.sh

@@ -2352,7 +2352,7 @@ persisted_registry_block() {
     out="$(awk '
       /^[[:space:]]*\[/ { sect = $0; next }
       sect ~ /^[[:space:]]*\[registry\][[:space:]]*$/ &&
-        /^[[:space:]]*(kaniko_image|trivy_image|trivy_db_repository|trivy_java_db_repository|build_cpu_limit|build_mem_limit|build_disk_limit|build_user_namespaces|build_runtime_class|user_uploads_context)[[:space:]]*=/ { print }
+        /^[[:space:]]*(kaniko_image|trivy_image|trivy_db_repository|trivy_java_db_repository|build_cpu_limit|build_mem_limit|build_disk_limit|build_user_namespaces|build_runtime_class|max_concurrent_builds|user_uploads_context)[[:space:]]*=/ { print }
       sect ~ /^[[:space:]]*\[registry\.s3\][[:space:]]*$/ && /^[[:space:]]*[A-Za-z_]+[[:space:]]*=/ {
         if (!s3hdr) { printf "[registry.s3]\n"; s3hdr = 1 }
         print

docs/troubleshooting.md

@@ -493,6 +493,7 @@ build_mem_limit = "4Gi"
 build_disk_limit = "12Gi"          # §8f
 build_user_namespaces = "auto"     # §8f: auto | on | off
 build_runtime_class = ""           # §8f: e.g. "gvisor"
+max_concurrent_builds = 2          # §8f: 1-6; later builds queue
 ```
 
 Mirror the executor images into the registry once. On the node itself, push
@@ -582,7 +583,8 @@ approved-but-hostile Dockerfile and the node is the pod around it:
 | Sandbox runtime | optional `build_runtime_class` (gVisor, Kata) | below |
 | Credentials | the registry credential lives only in the `push` container; the service token only in `context-fetch` | jobspec |
 | Resources | CPU, memory and ephemeral-storage limits per container; `activeDeadlineSeconds`; the context extraction stops at 4 GiB or 200 000 entries | jobspec, `felis fetch-context` |
-| Namespace backstop | `felis-build-limits` LimitRange gives any container without limits 1 CPU / 1 GiB / 1 GiB disk | bundle |
+| Namespace backstop | `felis-build-limits` LimitRange gives any container without limits 1 CPU / 1 GiB / 1 GiB disk; `felis-build-quota` allows 8 running pods and no PVCs | bundle |
+| Concurrency | at most `[registry] max_concurrent_builds` (default 2, at most 6) builds run; later ones wait as `pending` (Queued) and start oldest first | `build.Builder` |
 
 **Reviewed bytes.** Every upload records the sha256 of the archive, and the
 review page shows it. The context download carries the same value in the

internal/build/build.go

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
@@ -267,6 +268,11 @@ type Config struct {
 	// when set. The class must exist on the cluster.
 	RuntimeClass string
 
+	// MaxConcurrent caps how many build Jobs run at once. A build submitted past
+	// the cap stays pending, and SyncAll starts queued builds oldest first as
+	// running ones finish. Zero applies the default; MaxConcurrentLimit bounds it.
+	MaxConcurrent int
+
 	// ContextOrigin is the scheme://host[:port] of the platform's internal API
 	// face, the only host an http(s) ContextRef may name: the fetch step presents
 	// the service token to it. Empty refuses every http(s) context.
@@ -302,8 +308,14 @@ const (
 	defaultCPULimit       = "2"
 	defaultMemLimit       = "4Gi"
 	defaultDiskLimit      = "12Gi"
+	defaultMaxConcurrent  = 2
 )
 
+// MaxConcurrentLimit is the highest MaxConcurrent the platform accepts. The
+// build namespace's pod quota (BuildResourceQuota) leaves room for exactly this
+// many build pods plus the user-namespace probe.
+const MaxConcurrentLimit = 6
+
 // withDefaults returns a copy of c with zero fields filled, so a partially
 // configured Config (or the zero value, in tests) is always usable.
 func (c Config) withDefaults() Config {
@@ -337,16 +349,25 @@ func (c Config) withDefaults() Config {
 	if c.UserNamespaces == "" {
 		c.UserNamespaces = UserNamespacesAuto
 	}
+	if c.MaxConcurrent <= 0 {
+		c.MaxConcurrent = defaultMaxConcurrent
+	}
+	if c.MaxConcurrent > MaxConcurrentLimit {
+		c.MaxConcurrent = MaxConcurrentLimit
+	}
 	return c
 }
 
-// Builder orchestrates the build subsystem. It holds no mutable state; the
-// clock and id generator are injectable for hermetic tests.
+// Builder orchestrates the build subsystem. The clock and id generator are
+// injectable for hermetic tests. Its only state is the lock that serializes
+// starting Jobs, so two submissions cannot both take the last free slot.
 type Builder struct {
 	Store  Store
 	Jobs   Jobs
 	Config Config
 
+	startMu sync.Mutex
+
 	// Now is the clock, injectable for tests. Defaults to time.Now.
 	Now func() time.Time
 	// IDGen mints build ids. Defaults to a time-based generator.
@@ -368,10 +389,11 @@ func (b *Builder) newID() string {
 }
 
 // Submit validates req, records a pending build, and starts the Kaniko+Trivy
-// Job (spec §16). The build is returned in the building state once the Job is
-// created; if Job creation fails the build is marked failed so it never lingers
-// pending. The caller (felis-api) drives the build to a terminal state by
-// polling Sync / SyncAll.
+// Job (spec §16) when fewer than MaxConcurrent builds are running. Past the cap
+// the build is returned pending and waits in the queue SyncAll drains. A started
+// build is returned building; if Job creation fails it is marked failed so it
+// never lingers pending. The caller (felis-api) drives the build to a terminal
+// state by polling Sync / SyncAll.
 func (b *Builder) Submit(ctx context.Context, req Request) (*Build, error) {
 	cfg := b.Config.withDefaults()
 	if err := Validate(req, cfg); err != nil {
@@ -394,6 +416,34 @@ func (b *Builder) Submit(ctx context.Context, req Request) (*Build, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	b.startMu.Lock()
+	defer b.startMu.Unlock()
+	running, err := b.running(ctx)
+	if err != nil || running >= cfg.MaxConcurrent {
+		// Queued. When the count could not be read, SyncAll retries the start.
+		return bld, nil
+	}
+	return b.start(ctx, bld, cfg)
+}
+
+// running counts builds whose Job has been started and not yet reconciled to a
+// terminal state.
+func (b *Builder) running(ctx context.Context) (int, error) {
+	builds, err := b.Store.ListUnfinishedBuilds(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	n := 0
+	for i := range builds {
+		if builds[i].Status == StatusBuilding {
+			n++
+		}
+	}
+	return n, nil
+}
+
+// start creates bld's Job and records it. The caller holds startMu.
+func (b *Builder) start(ctx context.Context, bld *Build, cfg Config) (*Build, error) {
 	jobName, err := b.Jobs.CreateBuildJob(ctx, b.jobParams(bld, cfg))
 	if err != nil {
 		// The pending row exists; mark it failed so it is not reconciled forever.
@@ -466,8 +516,12 @@ func (b *Builder) Sync(ctx context.Context, id string) (*Build, error) {
 		return bld, nil
 	}
 	if bld.JobName == "" {
-		// Created but the Job name was never recorded; treat as failed rather
-		// than reconcile forever against a phantom Job.
+		if bld.Status == StatusPending {
+			// Queued behind MaxConcurrent; SyncAll starts it.
+			return bld, nil
+		}
+		// Building with no Job name recorded; treat as failed rather than
+		// reconcile forever against a phantom Job.
 		return b.finish(ctx, bld, StatusFailed, "no build job recorded")
 	}
 
@@ -499,25 +553,76 @@ func (b *Builder) Sync(ctx context.Context, id string) (*Build, error) {
 	}
 }
 
-// SyncAll reconciles every unfinished build and returns the count advanced to a
+// SyncAll reconciles every running build, then starts queued builds oldest
+// first while fewer than MaxConcurrent run. It returns the count advanced to a
 // terminal state. felis-api calls this periodically (spec §16: the scan gate is
-// observed, not pushed by the build Pod).
+// observed, not pushed by the build Pod). One build's error does not stop the
+// rest; every error comes back joined.
 func (b *Builder) SyncAll(ctx context.Context) (int, error) {
 	builds, err := b.Store.ListUnfinishedBuilds(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, err
 	}
 	advanced := 0
+	var errs []error
 	for i := range builds {
+		if builds[i].Status == StatusPending && builds[i].JobName == "" {
+			continue // queued; startQueued below
+		}
 		bld, err := b.Sync(ctx, builds[i].ID)
 		if err != nil {
-			return advanced, err
+			errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("build %s: %w", builds[i].ID, err))
+			continue
 		}
 		if bld.Status.terminal() {
 			advanced++
 		}
 	}
-	return advanced, nil
+	started, err := b.startQueued(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		errs = append(errs, err)
+	}
+	advanced += started
+	return advanced, errors.Join(errs...)
+}
+
+// startQueued starts pending builds, oldest first, while fewer than
+// MaxConcurrent run. It returns how many it failed outright (a Job that could
+// not be created), which count as advanced to a terminal state.
+func (b *Builder) startQueued(ctx context.Context) (int, error) {
+	cfg := b.Config.withDefaults()
+	b.startMu.Lock()
+	defer b.startMu.Unlock()
+	builds, err := b.Store.ListUnfinishedBuilds(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	running := 0
+	for i := range builds {
+		if builds[i].Status == StatusBuilding {
+			running++
+		}
+	}
+	failed := 0
+	var errs []error
+	for i := range builds {
+		if running >= cfg.MaxConcurrent {
+			break
+		}
+		bld := &builds[i]
+		if bld.Status != StatusPending || bld.JobName != "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, err := b.start(ctx, bld, cfg); err != nil {
+			errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("build %s: %w", bld.ID, err))
+			if bld.Status == StatusFailed {
+				failed++
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		running++
+	}
+	return failed, errors.Join(errs...)
 }
 
 // Cancel stops an in-flight build: delete its Job and mark it cancelled. A

internal/build/build_test.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package build
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"sort"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
@@ -77,6 +78,13 @@ func (f *fakeStore) ListUnfinishedBuilds(_ context.Context) ([]Build, error) {
 			out = append(out, *b)
 		}
 	}
+	// Oldest first, like the SQL; the frozen test clock ties, so the id breaks it.
+	sort.Slice(out, func(i, j int) bool {
+		if !out[i].CreatedAt.Equal(out[j].CreatedAt) {
+			return out[i].CreatedAt.Before(out[j].CreatedAt)
+		}
+		return out[i].ID < out[j].ID
+	})
 	return out, nil
 }
 
@@ -114,6 +122,9 @@ type fakeJobs struct {
 	phase     JobPhase
 	phaseErr  error
 	createErr error
+	// Per-job overrides of phase / phaseErr, keyed by Job name.
+	phases    map[string]JobPhase
+	phaseErrs map[string]error
 
 	created   []JobParams
 	cancelled []string
@@ -127,7 +138,13 @@ func (f *fakeJobs) CreateBuildJob(_ context.Context, p JobParams) (string, error
 	return BuildJobName(p.BuildID), nil
 }
 
-func (f *fakeJobs) JobPhase(_ context.Context, _ string) (JobPhase, error) {
+func (f *fakeJobs) JobPhase(_ context.Context, name string) (JobPhase, error) {
+	if err, ok := f.phaseErrs[name]; ok {
+		return JobUnknown, err
+	}
+	if p, ok := f.phases[name]; ok {
+		return p, nil
+	}
 	return f.phase, f.phaseErr
 }
 
@@ -445,6 +462,76 @@ func TestSyncAllAdvancesUnfinishedBuilds(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// Builds past MaxConcurrent wait pending and start oldest first as running ones
+// finish (build-supply-chain-12).
+func TestSubmitQueuesPastMaxConcurrent(t *testing.T) {
+	b, st, jb := newBuilder()
+	b.Config.MaxConcurrent = 1
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	first, err := b.Submit(ctx, goodRequest())
+	if err != nil || first.Status != StatusBuilding {
+		t.Fatalf("first = %+v, %v; want building", first, err)
+	}
+	var queued []*Build
+	for range 2 {
+		q, err := b.Submit(ctx, goodRequest())
+		if err != nil || q.Status != StatusPending || q.JobName != "" {
+			t.Fatalf("queued = %+v, %v; want pending with no Job", q, err)
+		}
+		queued = append(queued, q)
+	}
+	if len(jb.created) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("jobs created = %d, want 1", len(jb.created))
+	}
+
+	// A queued build is not a phantom: Sync leaves it alone.
+	if got, err := b.Sync(ctx, queued[0].ID); err != nil || got.Status != StatusPending {
+		t.Fatalf("Sync(queued) = %+v, %v; want still pending", got, err)
+	}
+	// Nothing frees up while the first runs.
+	if _, err := b.SyncAll(ctx); err != nil || len(jb.created) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("SyncAll while full: err %v, jobs %d", err, len(jb.created))
+	}
+
+	jb.phases = map[string]JobPhase{first.JobName: JobSucceeded}
+	n, err := b.SyncAll(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SyncAll: %v", err)
+	}
+	if n != 1 || len(jb.created) != 2 || jb.created[1].BuildID != queued[0].ID {
+		t.Fatalf("advanced %d, jobs %v; want the first finished and the oldest queued started", n, jb.created)
+	}
+	if st.builds[queued[0].ID].Status != StatusBuilding || st.builds[queued[1].ID].Status != StatusPending {
+		t.Fatalf("statuses = %s, %s; want building, pending",
+			st.builds[queued[0].ID].Status, st.builds[queued[1].ID].Status)
+	}
+}
+
+// One build whose Job cannot be read does not stall the others.
+func TestSyncAllContinuesPastOneBuildsError(t *testing.T) {
+	b, st, jb := newBuilder()
+	b.Config.MaxConcurrent = 3
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	var ids []string
+	for range 3 {
+		bld, err := b.Submit(ctx, goodRequest())
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		ids = append(ids, bld.ID)
+	}
+	jb.phase = JobSucceeded
+	jb.phaseErrs = map[string]error{BuildJobName(ids[0]): errors.New("apiserver hiccup")}
+	n, err := b.SyncAll(ctx)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), ids[0]) {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v, want it to name %s", err, ids[0])
+	}
+	if n != 2 || st.builds[ids[1]].Status != StatusSucceeded || st.builds[ids[2]].Status != StatusSucceeded {
+		t.Fatalf("advanced %d; statuses %s %s; want the other two succeeded", n,
+			st.builds[ids[1]].Status, st.builds[ids[2]].Status)
+	}
+}
+
 // TestImageBuildFailuresMetricCountsFailedBuilds asserts felis_image_build_failures_total
 // (spec §23) advances exactly once per failed build from BOTH terminal-failure
 // producers, and never on a successful build. There are two distinct Inc sites —

internal/build/jobspec.go

@@ -656,6 +656,27 @@ func BuildLimitRange(namespace string) *corev1.LimitRange {
 	}
 }
 
+// BuildResourceQuota caps how many pods can run in the build namespace at once:
+// MaxConcurrentLimit builds, the user-namespace probe, and one to spare. The
+// Builder's queue keeps builds under it; the quota holds even when something
+// else creates pods there. Finished pods do not count.
+func BuildResourceQuota(namespace string) *corev1.ResourceQuota {
+	return &corev1.ResourceQuota{
+		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
+			Name:      "felis-build-quota",
+			Namespace: namespace,
+			Labels: map[string]string{
+				LabelManagedBy: managedByValue,
+				LabelComponent: componentValue,
+			},
+		},
+		Spec: corev1.ResourceQuotaSpec{Hard: corev1.ResourceList{
+			corev1.ResourcePods:                   *resource.NewQuantity(MaxConcurrentLimit+2, resource.DecimalSI),
+			corev1.ResourcePersistentVolumeClaims: *resource.NewQuantity(0, resource.DecimalSI),
+		}},
+	}
+}
+
 // resourceLimits parses the CPU/memory limits into a ResourceList.
 func resourceLimits(cpu, mem string) (corev1.ResourceList, error) {
 	if cpu == "" {

internal/build/jobspec_test.go

@@ -641,6 +641,19 @@ func TestBuildLimitRangeCoversEphemeralStorage(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+// The pod quota must fit the most builds the config allows plus the probe pod,
+// or the queue admits a build whose pod the API server then refuses.
+func TestBuildResourceQuotaFitsMaxConcurrent(t *testing.T) {
+	rq := BuildResourceQuota("felis-build")
+	pods := rq.Spec.Hard[corev1.ResourcePods]
+	if rq.Namespace != "felis-build" || pods.Value() < MaxConcurrentLimit+1 {
+		t.Fatalf("quota = %#v; want pods ≥ %d", rq.Spec.Hard, MaxConcurrentLimit+1)
+	}
+	if c := (Config{MaxConcurrent: 100}).withDefaults().MaxConcurrent; c != MaxConcurrentLimit {
+		t.Fatalf("MaxConcurrent 100 resolved to %d, want the %d cap", c, MaxConcurrentLimit)
+	}
+}
+
 func initNames(cs []corev1.Container) []string {
 	names := make([]string, 0, len(cs))
 	for _, c := range cs {

internal/build/k8sjobs.go

@@ -36,6 +36,11 @@ func (k *K8sJobs) CreateBuildJob(ctx context.Context, p JobParams) (string, erro
 		return "", err
 	}
 	if err := k.c.Create(ctx, job); err != nil {
+		// The name is the build's; an existing Job is this build's own, created
+		// by a start that stopped before recording it.
+		if apierrors.IsAlreadyExists(err) {
+			return job.Name, nil
+		}
 		return "", err
 	}
 	return job.Name, nil

internal/config/config.go

@@ -171,6 +171,9 @@ type RegistryConfig struct {
 	// BuildRuntimeClass runs build pods under a sandbox RuntimeClass such as
 	// gVisor or Kata. Empty runs them under the node's default runtime.
 	BuildRuntimeClass string `toml:"build_runtime_class"`
+	// MaxConcurrentBuilds caps how many builds run at once; later ones queue.
+	// Zero keeps 2; at most 6 (the build namespace's pod quota).
+	MaxConcurrentBuilds int `toml:"max_concurrent_builds"`
 	// TrivyDBRepository points Trivy at an OCI repository holding the
 	// vulnerability DB (--db-repository). Trivy's default fetches from
 	// mirror.gcr.io/ghcr.io, which the build egress lock denies — so on a
@@ -463,6 +466,9 @@ func (c *Config) Validate() error {
 	default:
 		return fmt.Errorf("config: [registry] build_user_namespaces %q must be auto, on or off", c.Registry.BuildUserNamespaces)
 	}
+	if n := c.Registry.MaxConcurrentBuilds; n < 0 || n > 6 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("config: [registry] max_concurrent_builds %d must be 1-6 (0 keeps 2)", n)
+	}
 	// [smtp] is optional as a whole, but once a host is named the block must be
 	// deliverable: a From address (relays reject MAIL FROM:<>) and a sane port.
 	// Fail at load, not at the first OTP a player is waiting on.

internal/platform/bundle.go

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ type Object interface {
 // namespaced Roles + RoleBindings — felis-api and felis-operator always, plus the
 // destructive felis-reaper identity only when retention is enabled, gated with its
 // CronJob), the two weak Job SAs (build/restore, which have NO Role anywhere), the
-// build-namespace egress NetworkPolicy and LimitRange, and the minecraft-namespace
+// build-namespace egress NetworkPolicy, LimitRange and ResourceQuota, and the minecraft-namespace
 // ingress NetworkPolicies.
 //
 // Scope: this is the authorization + network fence (spec §21, §22) plus the
@@ -96,6 +96,9 @@ func Objects(p Params) []Object {
 	buildLR := build.BuildLimitRange(p.BuildNamespace)
 	buildLR.TypeMeta = metav1.TypeMeta{APIVersion: "v1", Kind: "LimitRange"}
 	objs = append(objs, buildLR)
+	buildRQ := build.BuildResourceQuota(p.BuildNamespace)
+	buildRQ.TypeMeta = metav1.TypeMeta{APIVersion: "v1", Kind: "ResourceQuota"}
+	objs = append(objs, buildRQ)
 
 	// Minecraft-namespace ingress fence (default-deny + RCON + game), the server
 	// egress fence, and the registry's ingress fence.

panel/src/i18n/resources/en-US/admin.json

@@ -31,6 +31,12 @@
   "approve_needs_context": "Nothing to approve: the context has not been uploaded, or must be uploaded again",
   "base_image_label": "Base Image",
   "base_image_placeholder": "e.g. library/postgres:15",
+  "build_status_pending": "Queued",
+  "build_status_building": "Building",
+  "build_status_succeeded": "Succeeded",
+  "build_status_failed": "Failed",
+  "build_status_cancelled": "Cancelled",
+  "build_queued_hint": "The concurrent build limit ([registry] max_concurrent_builds) is reached; this build starts on its own when an earlier one finishes.",
   "view_logs_btn": "Logs",
   "cancel_build_btn": "Cancel",
   "no_builds_title": "No Builds Found",

panel/src/i18n/resources/zh-CN/admin.json

@@ -31,6 +31,12 @@
   "approve_needs_context": "没有可通过的上下文：提交者尚未上传或需要重新上传",
   "base_image_label": "基础镜像",
   "base_image_placeholder": "例如: library/postgres:15",
+  "build_status_pending": "排队中",
+  "build_status_building": "构建中",
+  "build_status_succeeded": "成功",
+  "build_status_failed": "失败",
+  "build_status_cancelled": "已取消",
+  "build_queued_hint": "同时运行的构建已达上限（[registry] max_concurrent_builds），这个构建会在前面的构建结束后自动开始。",
   "view_logs_btn": "日志",
   "cancel_build_btn": "取消",
   "no_builds_title": "暂无构建任务",

panel/src/pages/admin/ImageBuildPage.tsx

@@ -491,12 +491,13 @@ export function ImageBuildPage() {
                             <div className="flex justify-center">
                               <Badge 
                                 variant="outline" 
+                                title={b.status === "pending" ? t("build_queued_hint") : undefined}
                                 className={cn(
                                   "text-[10px] py-0.5 font-semibold uppercase tracking-wider w-[80px] justify-center px-0 shrink-0",
                                   STATUS_BADGE_STYLE[b.status]
                                 )}
                               >
-                                {b.status}
+                                {t(`build_status_${b.status}`)}
                               </Badge>
                             </div>
                           </td>