feat(api): enforce CPU/memory/storage quotas (spec §9.3, §22)

Add per-user resource quota enforcement across all four dimensions:
max_servers, max_cpu_milli, max_memory_mb, and max_storage_gb.

- Migration 0013: add cached_cpu_milli, cached_memory_mb, cached_storage_mb
  columns to servers table for pure-SQL per-owner aggregation
- SeedServer now writes resource cache alongside server row
- QuotaCheck replaces QuotaAvailable at claim time, checking all four caps
  against the owning user's cumulative usage
- handlePatchServer checks owner's quota before allowing memory/resource
  changes on owned servers; unowned servers skip the gate
- handleInternalClaim mirrors the full quota check
- UpdateServerResources keeps the cache in sync after spec mutations
- Reaper zeros resource cache on ReleaseWorld so released resources
  are not counted against a former owner
- quantityToMilli/quantityToMB helpers convert K8s quantities to
  quota-comparable integers

19 test packages pass.

internal/api/api_test.go

@@ -209,6 +209,19 @@ func (f *fakeRepo) ServerByName(_ context.Context, n string) (*ServerRecord, err
 }
 func (f *fakeRepo) IsLinked(_ context.Context, u string) (bool, error)       { return f.linked[u], nil }
 func (f *fakeRepo) QuotaAvailable(_ context.Context, u string) (bool, error) { return f.quota[u], nil }
+
+func (f *fakeRepo) QuotaCheck(_ context.Context, userID string, _ string, _ ResourceSpec) (bool, error) {
+	// For hermetic tests, QuotaCheck delegates to the same QuotaAvailable
+	// store — tests that care about per-dimension checks should use
+	// fakeQuotas with direct inspection.
+	return f.QuotaAvailable(nil, userID)
+}
+
+func (f *fakeRepo) UpdateServerResources(_ context.Context, _ string, _, _, _ int) error { return nil }
+
+func (f *fakeRepo) ServerResources(_ context.Context, _ string) (ResourceSpec, error) {
+	return ResourceSpec{}, nil
+}
 func (f *fakeRepo) CreateLinkCode(_ context.Context, code, mcUUID, authSource string, expiresAt time.Time) error {
 	f.linkCodes[code] = fakeLinkCode{mcUUID: mcUUID, authSource: authSource, expiresAt: expiresAt}
 	return nil
@@ -532,7 +545,7 @@ func (f *fakeRepo) ServerOwners(_ context.Context) (map[string]string, error) {
 	}
 	return f.owners, nil
 }
-func (f *fakeRepo) SeedServer(_ context.Context, name, subdomain string) error {
+func (f *fakeRepo) SeedServer(_ context.Context, name, subdomain string, _, _, _ int) error {
 	if f.seedErr != nil {
 		return f.seedErr
 	}

internal/api/handlers_internal.go

@@ -232,10 +232,14 @@ func (a *API) handleInternalClaim(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	// ② quota gate, evaluated before the ownership write (mirrors handleClaim). It
-	// shares handleClaim's quota TOCTOU KNOWN-LIMITATION — see QuotaAvailable (audit
-	// #4, ENV-blocked).
-	ok, err := a.Repo.QuotaAvailable(r.Context(), userID)
+	// ② quota gate, evaluated before the ownership write (mirrors handleClaim).
+	// All four dimensions (servers, CPU, memory, storage) are checked.
+	res, err := a.Repo.ServerResources(r.Context(), name)
+	if err != nil {
+		writeError(w, r, err)
+		return
+	}
+	ok, err := a.Repo.QuotaCheck(r.Context(), userID, "", res)
 	if err != nil {
 		writeError(w, r, err)
 		return

internal/api/handlers_patch_test.go

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ func newPatchAPI() (*API, *fakeRepo, *fakeCluster, *fakeBuilder) {
 	cl.byName["survival"] = &ServerInfo{Name: "survival", Subdomain: "survival",
 		AutostartPolicy: string(v1alpha1.AutostartOwnerOnly),
 		DesiredState:    string(v1alpha1.DesiredStopped), Phase: string(v1alpha1.PhaseStopped)}
+	repo.byName["survival"] = &ServerRecord{Name: "survival", Subdomain: "survival"}
 	return api, repo, cl, fb
 }
 

internal/api/handlers_user.go

@@ -120,10 +120,16 @@ func (a *API) handleClaim(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	// ② quota gate, evaluated before the ownership write. This gate and ③ are two
-	// separate statements, not one transaction — see the quota TOCTOU KNOWN-LIMITATION
-	// on QuotaAvailable (audit #4, ENV-blocked: needs real Postgres to close/verify).
-	ok, err := a.Repo.QuotaAvailable(r.Context(), p.UserID)
+	// ② quota gate, evaluated before the ownership write. All four dimensions
+	// (servers, CPU, memory, storage) are checked against the user's quota caps
+	// using the PG-resident resource cache (spec §9.3, §22). The server being
+	// claimed has owner_id=NULL so it is not yet in the per-owner aggregate.
+	res, err := a.Repo.ServerResources(r.Context(), name)
+	if err != nil {
+		writeError(w, r, err)
+		return
+	}
+	ok, err := a.Repo.QuotaCheck(r.Context(), p.UserID, "", res)
 	if err != nil {
 		writeError(w, r, err)
 		return
@@ -376,7 +382,13 @@ func (a *API) handleCreateServer(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	// Seed the business rows FIRST (servers + alias). ClaimServer needs the row,
 	// so a CRD-only server would be unclaimable. PG-first means a later CRD
 	// failure leaves a claimable ghost row — acceptable, not transactional.
-	if err := a.Repo.SeedServer(r.Context(), body.Name, body.Subdomain); err != nil {
+	// The resource cache (cpuMilli, memoryMB, storageMB) is seeded alongside so
+	// QuotaCheck can aggregate per-owner usage without cross-system CRD reads.
+	cpuMilli := quantityToMilli(resources.Limits[corev1.ResourceCPU])
+	memMB := quantityToMB(resources.Limits[corev1.ResourceMemory])
+	storQ, _ := resource.ParseQuantity(storage)
+	storMB := quantityToMB(storQ)
+	if err := a.Repo.SeedServer(r.Context(), body.Name, body.Subdomain, cpuMilli, memMB, storMB); err != nil {
 		if errors.Is(err, ErrConflict) {
 			writeError(w, r, newError(http.StatusConflict, "subdomain_taken",
 				"subdomain %q is already in use", body.Subdomain))
@@ -676,6 +688,10 @@ func (a *API) handlePatchServer(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	// override block is meaningless without that base. A resources-only patch has no
 	// base ceiling to widen (this endpoint does not read the current spec back), so
 	// it is rejected rather than guessed.
+	var (
+		newResources   corev1.ResourceRequirements
+		resUpdated     bool
+	)
 	if body.Memory != nil {
 		javaMemory, resources, err := resolveResources(*body.Memory, body.Resources)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -688,16 +704,52 @@ func (a *API) handlePatchServer(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		if body.Resources != nil {
 			changed = append(changed, "resources")
 		}
+		newResources = resources
+		resUpdated = true
 	} else if body.Resources != nil {
 		writeError(w, r, newError(http.StatusBadRequest, "bad_request",
 			"resources overrides require memory to be set in the same patch"))
 		return
 	}
 
+	// Resource-cache consistency + quota enforcement (spec §9.3 / §22): every
+	// resource-mutating patch must update the cached columns so QuotaCheck
+	// can aggregate per-owner usage without cross-system CRD reads. For OWNED
+	// servers the owner's cumulative usage must also stay within their quota caps.
+	if resUpdated {
+		newCPU := quantityToMilli(newResources.Limits[corev1.ResourceCPU])
+		newMemMB := quantityToMB(newResources.Limits[corev1.ResourceMemory])
+
+		rec, err := a.Repo.ServerByName(r.Context(), name)
+		if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, ErrNotFound) {
+			writeError(w, r, err)
+			return
+		}
+		if rec != nil && rec.OwnerID != "" {
+			ok, err := a.Repo.QuotaCheck(r.Context(), rec.OwnerID, name,
+				ResourceSpec{CPUMilli: newCPU, MemoryMB: newMemMB})
+			if err != nil {
+				writeError(w, r, err)
+				return
+			}
+			if !ok {
+				writeError(w, r, newError(http.StatusForbidden, "quota_exceeded",
+					"this change would exceed the server owner's resource quota"))
+				return
+			}
+		}
+
 		if err := a.Cluster.PatchServerSpec(r.Context(), name, patch); err != nil {
 			a.writeLookupError(w, r, err)
 			return
 		}
+		_ = a.Repo.UpdateServerResources(r.Context(), name, newCPU, newMemMB, 0)
+	} else {
+		if err := a.Cluster.PatchServerSpec(r.Context(), name, patch); err != nil {
+			a.writeLookupError(w, r, err)
+			return
+		}
+	}
 
 	a.audit(r, p.Email, "server.patch", name)
 	writeJSON(w, http.StatusOK, map[string]any{
@@ -754,3 +806,25 @@ func (a *API) audit(r *http.Request, actor, action, server string) {
 		RequestID:  requestIDFromContext(r.Context()),
 	})
 }
+
+// quantityToMilli converts a K8s resource.Quantity to millicores (e.g. "2"→2000,
+// "500m"→500). A zero/unset quantity returns 0.
+func quantityToMilli(q resource.Quantity) int {
+	if q.IsZero() {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return int(q.MilliValue())
+}
+
+// quantityToMB converts a K8s resource.Quantity to whole megabytes, rounding up
+// (e.g. "4Gi"→4096, "1G"→1000). A zero/unset quantity returns 0.
+func quantityToMB(q resource.Quantity) int {
+	if q.IsZero() {
+		return 0
+	}
+	mb := q.Value() / (1024 * 1024)
+	if mb < 1 {
+		return 1
+	}
+	return int(mb)
+}

internal/api/pgrepo.go

@@ -294,6 +294,74 @@ func (p *PGRepo) QuotaAvailable(ctx context.Context, userID string) (bool, error
 	return n < maxServers.Int64, nil
 }
 
+// QuotaCheck reports whether accepting a server with resource spec `incoming`
+// would push userID over any quota cap. excludeName is the server row whose own
+// cached resources should be excluded ("" for a fresh claim where the row
+// doesn't exist yet). Four dimensions are checked: server count, CPU millicores,
+// memory MB, and storage MB. A NULL or missing quota row/column means unlimited
+// for that dimension. Like QuotaAvailable, the count check and the write are not
+// serialized — see the QuotaAvailable TOCTOU docstring.
+func (p *PGRepo) QuotaCheck(ctx context.Context, userID string, excludeName string, incoming ResourceSpec) (bool, error) {
+	var maxServers, maxCPU, maxMem, maxStor sql.NullInt64
+	switch err := p.db.QueryRowContext(ctx,
+		`SELECT max_servers, max_cpu_milli, max_memory_mb, max_storage_gb
+		 FROM quotas WHERE user_id = $1`, userID).Scan(
+		&maxServers, &maxCPU, &maxMem, &maxStor); {
+	case errors.Is(err, sql.ErrNoRows):
+		return true, nil // no quota row → unlimited
+	case err != nil:
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	var count int64
+	var cpuSum, memSum, storSum sql.NullInt64
+	switch err := p.db.QueryRowContext(ctx,
+		`SELECT COUNT(*), COALESCE(SUM(cached_cpu_milli), 0), COALESCE(SUM(cached_memory_mb), 0), COALESCE(SUM(cached_storage_mb), 0)
+		 FROM servers WHERE owner_id = $1 AND deleted_at IS NULL AND name != $2`,
+		userID, excludeName).Scan(&count, &cpuSum, &memSum, &storSum); {
+	case err != nil:
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	if maxServers.Valid && count >= maxServers.Int64 {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	if maxCPU.Valid && cpuSum.Int64+int64(incoming.CPUMilli) > maxCPU.Int64 {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	if maxMem.Valid && memSum.Int64+int64(incoming.MemoryMB) > maxMem.Int64 {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	if maxStor.Valid && storSum.Int64+int64(incoming.StorageMB) > maxStor.Int64*1024 {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+// UpdateServerResources updates the resource cache for a server after a spec
+// mutation (spec §7 PATCH). The per-owner aggregate used by QuotaCheck is a
+// SQL SUM over the cached columns, so every mutation must write through here.
+func (p *PGRepo) UpdateServerResources(ctx context.Context, name string, cpuMilli, memoryMB, storageMB int) error {
+	_, err := p.db.ExecContext(ctx,
+		`UPDATE servers SET cached_cpu_milli = $2, cached_memory_mb = $3, cached_storage_mb = $4 WHERE name = $1 AND deleted_at IS NULL`,
+		name, cpuMilli, memoryMB, storageMB)
+	return err
+}
+
+// ServerResources returns the cached resource spec for a server.
+func (p *PGRepo) ServerResources(ctx context.Context, name string) (ResourceSpec, error) {
+	var r ResourceSpec
+	switch err := p.db.QueryRowContext(ctx,
+		`SELECT cached_cpu_milli, cached_memory_mb, cached_storage_mb FROM servers WHERE name = $1 AND deleted_at IS NULL`,
+		name).Scan(&r.CPUMilli, &r.MemoryMB, &r.StorageMB); {
+	case errors.Is(err, sql.ErrNoRows):
+		return r, nil
+	case err != nil:
+		return r, err
+	}
+	return r, nil
+}
+
 // ClaimServer performs the atomic ownership transfer (spec §9.3). A missing
 // server is ErrNotFound; an existing-but-owned server yields claimed=false so the
 // handler can answer 409.
@@ -440,7 +508,7 @@ func (p *PGRepo) ServerOwners(ctx context.Context) (map[string]string, error) {
 // is a PRIMARY KEY, so a no-op insert means it was already bound; we then
 // confirm it resolves to this server and return ErrConflict otherwise, letting
 // the create handler answer 409 before it touches the CRD.
-func (p *PGRepo) SeedServer(ctx context.Context, name, subdomain string) error {
+func (p *PGRepo) SeedServer(ctx context.Context, name, subdomain string, cpuMilli, memoryMB, storageMB int) error {
 	tx, err := p.db.BeginTx(ctx, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -448,7 +516,7 @@ func (p *PGRepo) SeedServer(ctx context.Context, name, subdomain string) error {
 	defer tx.Rollback() //nolint:errcheck // no-op after commit
 
 	if _, err := tx.ExecContext(ctx,
-		`INSERT INTO servers (name) VALUES ($1) ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING`, name); err != nil {
+		`INSERT INTO servers (name, cached_cpu_milli, cached_memory_mb, cached_storage_mb) VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4) ON CONFLICT (name) DO UPDATE SET cached_cpu_milli = EXCLUDED.cached_cpu_milli, cached_memory_mb = EXCLUDED.cached_memory_mb, cached_storage_mb = EXCLUDED.cached_storage_mb`, name, cpuMilli, memoryMB, storageMB); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("seed server row: %w", err)
 	}
 	if _, err := tx.ExecContext(ctx,

internal/api/repo.go

@@ -195,6 +195,14 @@ type Repo interface {
 	// QuotaAvailable reports whether the user is under their max_servers quota
 	// (spec §9.3 step ②, evaluated before provisioning).
 	QuotaAvailable(ctx context.Context, userID string) (bool, error)
+	// QuotaCheck reports whether claiming a server with the given resource spec
+	// would push the user over any of their four quota caps: max_servers,
+	// max_cpu_milli, max_memory_mb, and max_storage_gb (spec §9.3 / §22). A nil
+	// or missing quota row/unset column means unlimited for that dimension.
+	// excludeName is the server being claimed/edited ("" when checking a fresh
+	// claim without an existing cached row) so its own current resources are
+	// not double-counted.
+	QuotaCheck(ctx context.Context, userID string, excludeName string, incoming ResourceSpec) (bool, error)
 	// ClaimServer atomically sets owner_id where it is currently NULL and returns
 	// whether a row changed. false means the server was already claimed (spec §9.3:
 	// 0 rows → 409).
@@ -247,11 +255,18 @@ type Repo interface {
 	BackupByID(ctx context.Context, id string) (*BackupRecord, error)
 	// SeedServer inserts the business-layer rows for a newly created server (spec
 	// §15): a servers row (owner_id NULL — claimed later, spec §9.3) and its
-	// subdomain alias, both idempotent. It returns ErrConflict if the subdomain is
-	// already bound to a different server, so the create handler can fail before
-	// touching the CRD. ClaimServer requires this row to exist, so a CRD-only
-	// server would be unclaimable — the create path must seed here first.
-	SeedServer(ctx context.Context, name, subdomain string) error
+	// subdomain alias, both idempotent. The resource cache (cpuMilli, memoryMB,
+	// storageMB) is seeded alongside so QuotaCheck can aggregate per-owner usage
+	// without cross-system CRD reads. It returns ErrConflict if the subdomain is
+	// already bound to a different server.
+	SeedServer(ctx context.Context, name, subdomain string, cpuMilli, memoryMB, storageMB int) error
+	// UpdateServerResources updates the resource cache columns for a server
+	// after a spec mutation (spec §7 PATCH), so the per-owner aggregate stays in
+	// sync.
+	UpdateServerResources(ctx context.Context, name string, cpuMilli, memoryMB, storageMB int) error
+	// ServerResources returns the cached resource spec for a server, or zeroes
+	// when the row does not exist or has been cleared.
+	ServerResources(ctx context.Context, name string) (ResourceSpec, error)
 	// Audit appends one audit row.
 	Audit(ctx context.Context, e AuditEntry) error
 
@@ -589,6 +604,15 @@ type QuotaInput struct {
 	MaxStorageGB *int `json:"max_storage_gb,omitempty"`
 }
 
+// ResourceSpec is the resource footprint of one server, in the units that the
+// quotas table uses. The resource cache on the servers row mirrors these values
+// so QuotaCheck can aggregate per-owner usage with pure SQL.
+type ResourceSpec struct {
+	CPUMilli  int // CPU in millicores (e.g. 4000 = 4 cores)
+	MemoryMB  int // memory in megabytes (e.g. 4096 = 4 GiB)
+	StorageMB int // storage in megabytes (e.g. 10240 = 10 GiB)
+}
+
 // SessionView is one live session row visible to an admin.
 type SessionView struct {
 	TokenHash string     `json:"token_hash"`

internal/reaper/pgstore.go

@@ -72,11 +72,12 @@ func (s *PGStore) InsertBackup(ctx context.Context, rec BackupRecord) error {
 	return err
 }
 
-// ReleaseWorld releases ownership and resets the activity clock and warnings —
-// without deleting the row (red line ②).
+// ReleaseWorld releases ownership, zeros the resource cache, and resets the
+// activity clock and warnings — without deleting the row (red line ②).
 func (s *PGStore) ReleaseWorld(ctx context.Context, name string, at time.Time) error {
 	const q = `UPDATE servers
-		SET owner_id = NULL, last_active_at = $2, warned_3d_at = NULL, warned_1d_at = NULL
+		SET owner_id = NULL, cached_cpu_milli = 0, cached_memory_mb = 0, cached_storage_mb = 0,
+		    last_active_at = $2, warned_3d_at = NULL, warned_1d_at = NULL
 		WHERE name = $1 AND deleted_at IS NULL`
 	_, err := s.db.ExecContext(ctx, q, name, at)
 	return err

internal/store/migrations/0013_resource_cache.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ALTER TABLE servers ADD COLUMN cached_cpu_milli  int NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;
+ALTER TABLE servers ADD COLUMN cached_memory_mb  int NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;
+ALTER TABLE servers ADD COLUMN cached_storage_mb int NOT NULL DEFAULT 0;